Journal: Nano-Micro Letters

Article Title: Microgels for Cell Delivery in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

doi: 10.1007/s40820-024-01421-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fabrication methods of microgels. a Microfluidic technology. The flow-focusing (i), T-junction (ii), and co-flowing (iii) techniques are used to generate droplets that can be subsequently crosslinked to form microgels. b Gas-shearing technique. The shear force caused by the gas flow is employed to overcome the surface tension of the liquid making monodisperse droplets. The droplets are then crosslinked to form microgels. c Centrifugation. The hydrogel solution is extruded from the capillary via centrifugal forces. d Microfluidic electrospray. The electric field is used to form droplets. e Emulsification. Immiscible liquids are mixed and stirred to generate droplets. f Lithography. Photomasks are used to form microgels of uniform size and morphology. g 3D bioprinting. 3D bioprinting including DLP-based printing and Volumetric bioprinting are used for the fabrication of microgels

Article Snippet: Copyright 2022, Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH. e (i) β cells and mesenchymal stem cells were co-encapsulated in porous microgels for controlling type I diabetes. (ii) 3D reconstructed images of the β cells (red) and MSCs (green) inside the porous microgel at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days.

Techniques: Shear, Centrifugation, Emulsification

Journal: Nano-Micro Letters

Article Title: Microgels for Cell Delivery in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

doi: 10.1007/s40820-024-01421-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Preparation of microgels using the emulsification method. a Optimization of parameters for preparation of microgels by emulsification. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2020, Elsevier Science Ltd. b Uniform microgels prepared using a dual-initiator system, which contains a hydrophilic photoinitiator in the aqueous phase and a hydrophobic initiator in the oil phase. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2011, Elsevier Science Ltd. c Method of microgels fabricated by emulsification method to construct 3D scaffolds and promote angiogenesis. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2022, Wiley

Article Snippet: Copyright 2022, Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH. e (i) β cells and mesenchymal stem cells were co-encapsulated in porous microgels for controlling type I diabetes. (ii) 3D reconstructed images of the β cells (red) and MSCs (green) inside the porous microgel at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days.

Techniques: Emulsification, Construct

Journal: Nano-Micro Letters

Article Title: Microgels for Cell Delivery in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

doi: 10.1007/s40820-024-01421-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microfluidic technique for the preparation of microgels. a Generation of core–shell microgels via all aqueous-phase microfluidic systems for 3D cell culture. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. b Fabrication of small-sized microgels that mimic red blood cells using microfluidic techniques. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2020, Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd. c Controllable and high-throughput generation of monodisperse water in water (W/W) droplets with a microfluidic chip. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2018, Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH. d Preparation of single-core, multiple core–shell microgels with oil in water (W/O) or water in oil in water (W/O/W) emulsions. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2022, Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH

Article Snippet: Copyright 2022, Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH. e (i) β cells and mesenchymal stem cells were co-encapsulated in porous microgels for controlling type I diabetes. (ii) 3D reconstructed images of the β cells (red) and MSCs (green) inside the porous microgel at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days.

Techniques: Cell Culture, High Throughput Screening Assay

Journal: Nano-Micro Letters

Article Title: Microgels for Cell Delivery in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

doi: 10.1007/s40820-024-01421-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: 3D bioprinting strategy for preparing microgels. a Microgels fabricated via DLP printing for cell culture. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2020, Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH. b DLP printing fabricated hDPSC-loaded microgels exhibit excellent biocompatibility. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2023, Elsevier Science Ltd. c Bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC)-loaded microgels achieved cultivation of osteo-callus organoids for rapid bone regeneration within one month. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2022, Elsevier Science Ltd. d Microgels from embedded extrusion-volumetric printing allowing spatially pattern multiple materials/cell types. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2023, Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH

Article Snippet: Copyright 2022, Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH. e (i) β cells and mesenchymal stem cells were co-encapsulated in porous microgels for controlling type I diabetes. (ii) 3D reconstructed images of the β cells (red) and MSCs (green) inside the porous microgel at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Derivative Assay

Journal: Nano-Micro Letters

Article Title: Microgels for Cell Delivery in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

doi: 10.1007/s40820-024-01421-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell culture and delivery on microgels surface. a (i) MSCs were loaded onto the surface of MIOPs and applied to the treatment of ALF. (ii) LPS release profiles of the MIOPs treated with heating and alternating magnetic field (AFM). Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2022, Wiley. b (i) GelMA microgels enhanced the in vitro differentiation of rASD into NP-like cells and partially restored the degenerated intervertebral disc. LIVE/DEAD staining (ii) and TRITC-phalloidin staining ( iii ) of microgels after 21 days. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2021, Iop Publishing Ltd. c (i) IL-4-loaded microgels stimulate cells to differentiate into M2 type. Reproduced with permission. (ii) Representative Micro-CT image of rabbit calvaria healing 8 weeks after injection . Copyright 2022, Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH. d PDGF-BB recruits stem cells to adsorb on microgels and differentiate into cartilage. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2022, Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH. e (i) β cells and mesenchymal stem cells were co-encapsulated in porous microgels for controlling type I diabetes. (ii) 3D reconstructed images of the β cells (red) and MSCs (green) inside the porous microgel at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2023, Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH

Article Snippet: Copyright 2022, Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH. e (i) β cells and mesenchymal stem cells were co-encapsulated in porous microgels for controlling type I diabetes. (ii) 3D reconstructed images of the β cells (red) and MSCs (green) inside the porous microgel at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days.

Techniques: Cell Culture, In Vitro, Staining, Micro-CT, Injection

Journal: Nano-Micro Letters

Article Title: Microgels for Cell Delivery in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

doi: 10.1007/s40820-024-01421-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microgel scaffolds formed by external forces. a Gelatin-based scaffolds with controllable pore structures were prepared by the emulsion template method. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. b Combined with an external magnetic field, the microgels are assembled into a specific pattern, which is conducive to nerve repair. (i) Light microscopy image of the magnetically templated hydrogel. (ii) Confocal microscopy image of FITC-dextran backfilled templated hydrogel. (iii) An SEM image of a magnetically templated hydrogel. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2019, Academic Press Inc. c HepG 2 , 3T3, and HUVECs, were inhaled into scaffolds and co-cultured to form a liver-on-a-chip system. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2019, American Association for the Advancement of Science. d Scaffold as a 3D tissue model for biological exploration and in vitro drug test. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2021, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Article Snippet: Copyright 2022, Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH. e (i) β cells and mesenchymal stem cells were co-encapsulated in porous microgels for controlling type I diabetes. (ii) 3D reconstructed images of the β cells (red) and MSCs (green) inside the porous microgel at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days.

Techniques: Emulsion, Light Microscopy, Confocal Microscopy, Cell Culture, In Vitro

Journal: Nano-Micro Letters

Article Title: Microgels for Cell Delivery in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

doi: 10.1007/s40820-024-01421-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microgel scaffolds formed by 3D bioprinting. a Jammed microgel ink can quickly self-heal and have obvious pores. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2019, Wiley. b Core–shell microgels protect cells and prevent cell leakage during printing. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2023, Nature Publishing Group. c Irregular microgels were used in 3D printing to prepare scaffolds. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2022, Iop Publishing Ltd. d Fabrication of 3D porous scaffolds by sacrificial particle technology. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2022, Wiley. e Two kinds of microgels were mixed, and scaffolds with certain porosity were prepared by sacrificing one of them. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2021, Wiley. f Microgels and the solution together are used as the printing ink. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2021, Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH. g Strengthening microgel interactions through dynamic covalent bonds guarantees high morphology fidelity and cellular activity. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society. h Bead-jet printing enhances skeletal muscle and hair follicle regeneration with non-uniform cell concentrations. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2022, Nature Publishing Group

Article Snippet: Copyright 2022, Wiley–VCH Verlag GmbH. e (i) β cells and mesenchymal stem cells were co-encapsulated in porous microgels for controlling type I diabetes. (ii) 3D reconstructed images of the β cells (red) and MSCs (green) inside the porous microgel at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days.

Techniques: Activity Assay